GLOW BLEND 70MG

GHK-Cu (Gly-His-Lys·Cu²⁺) is an endogenous tripeptide present in human plasma, wound fluid, and saliva. It coordinates Cu²⁺ in a square-planar geometry via the glycine α-amine, histidine imidazole Nτ nitrogen, and a deprotonated backbone amide. In cellular research models, GHK-Cu has been studied for its effects on extracellular matrix protein expression — including collagen, elastin, and fibronectin synthesis in fibroblast cell lines — as well as for its interactions with antioxidant pathways, copper chaperone proteins, and gene expression panels. Published in vitro literature includes wound-healing scratch assays, fibroblast proliferation studies, and gene array analyses examining GHK-Cu’s modulation of hundreds of downstream transcriptional targets.

BPC-157 is a synthetic 15-amino-acid pentadecapeptide derived from a sequence within the gastric protein BPC. In vitro research has examined its interactions with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin signalling, nitric oxide (NO) pathway modulation in endothelial cell models, and VEGF-associated angiogenesis pathway studies in fibroblast and endothelial preparations. BPC-157 is also studied in gastrointestinal cellular models examining cytoprotective signalling, and in cell migration and proliferation assays across multiple cell line types.

TB-500 (Thymosin Beta-4) is a synthetic 43-amino-acid thymic peptide and the primary G-actin sequestering agent in mammalian cells. Its central LKKTET motif (residues 17–22) inserts into the hydrophobic cleft between subdomains 1 and 3 of monomeric G-actin, blocking barbed-end polymerisation and modulating the G-actin/F-actin ratio. In vitro applications include actin cytoskeleton remodelling studies, scratch-wound (cell migration) assays, endothelial tube formation models, and ILK/integrin signalling experiments examining downstream AKT and GSK-3β phosphorylation in fibroblast and epithelial cell preparations.